Assessment Concepts:
Fitness assessments create a baseline of statistical information that allows progression to be monitored.
* Pre-test: determines basic abilities
* Mid-test: one or more times to assess effectiveness/modification of exercise plan
* Formative evaluation: aka mid-test allows for periodic re-evaluation to monitor and adjust as necessary
* Post-test: determines effectiveness of program
Validity and Reliability:
Validity: degree of which a test measures what it is supposed to test
Construct validity: overall validity or extent to which the test measures what it is designed to meausre
Face validity: Appears to measure what it is intended to measure
Content validity: Ensures that testing being conducted covers all relevant components in proper proportions
Criterion-referenced validity: extent to which test scores are related to an outcome with some other measure or test of the same ability
* concurrent: test scores related to those with other accepted tests that measure same ability
* predictive: test scores correspond with future performance
* discriminant: distinguishes between two different concepts and shows evidence of low correlation between results of the test and the results of a test of a different concept
Reliability: degree of consistency or repeatability of a test
Types of assessments:
Questionnaires and interviews:
Trainer must collect as much personal history as possible such as medical background, occupational history, and lifestyle history.
Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) is used to determine general readiness of an individual to begin an exercise program. (Used for people 15 to 59)
* Anyone who answers yes to one question or more should be referred to a physician for clearance
Medical history: lets trainer know about known or suspected chronic diseases such as HBP, DM, CHD and any history of chronic medical conditions, surgeries etc. Medications should also be assessed.
General health history: occupation and lifestyle
Lifestyle questionnaire: determines if an individual should be referred to medical professional prior to beginning an exercise program - assesses sleep habits, stressors, alcohol, smoking, and recreational behaviors and activities
Static Postural Assessments: How an individual holds his or her body while standing
Pronation distortion syndrome: Pronated foot/ankle, Valgus collapse, Internal rotation of knees
Lower cross syndrome: anterior pelvic rotation
Upper cross syndrome: rounded shoulders and forward head position
Movement assessments:
Overhead squat assessment: functional strength, efficiency and dynamic flexibility
* Shoes off, upper arm bisects the torso
* Squat to depth of comfort and return to starting position for at least 5 repetitions
Single-leg squat assessment: single-leg functional strength, flexibility, balance, core strength, neuromuscular control
* hands on hips, squat to comfortable level and return to starting position, at least 5 repetitions
Gait assessment: dynamic posture
* Walk on treadmill at a comfortable pace at zero degree incline
Comments
Post a Comment